Chapter 7 is the fastest path to debt relief. Most unsecured debts are eliminated in 3-4 months. Here is what Minneapolis residents need to know.
Chapter 7, sometimes called "liquidation bankruptcy" or a "fresh start," eliminates most unsecured debts. A court-appointed trustee reviews your assets. If you have non-exempt property, the trustee may sell it to pay creditors -- but most Chapter 7 cases are "no-asset" cases where the filer keeps everything.
In Minneapolis, the vast majority of Chapter 7 filers keep all their property because it falls within Minnesota exemption limits.
To file Chapter 7, you must pass the means test. This compares your household income to the state median:
For a single filer in Minnesota, the current median is approximately $59,000/year. These figures increase with household size.
Exemptions determine what property you keep. Minnesota allows you to choose between state exemptions and federal exemptions. Many filers benefit from the state exemptions due to the generous homestead.
| Property | Minnesota Exemption | Statute |
|---|---|---|
| Homestead | $450,000 (up to half-acre urban / 160 acres rural) | Minn. Stat. 510.01-.02 |
| Vehicle | $5,000 ($10,000 if used for employment) | Minn. Stat. 550.37 |
| Household goods | $10,800 total | Minn. Stat. 550.37 |
| Clothing | Unlimited (necessary clothing) | Minn. Stat. 550.37 |
| Tools of trade | $13,000 | Minn. Stat. 550.37 |
| Retirement accounts (IRA, 401k, pension) | Unlimited | Minn. Stat. 550.37 |
| Social Security benefits | Unlimited | 42 U.S.C. 407 |
| Wedding rings | Unlimited | Minn. Stat. 550.37 |
| Life insurance (cash value) | $9,200 | Minn. Stat. 550.37 |
| Public benefits | Unlimited | Minn. Stat. 550.37 |
Chapter 7 discharges most unsecured debts including credit cards, medical bills, personal loans, and old utility bills. It does not discharge student loans (in most cases), recent taxes, child support, alimony, or debts incurred through fraud. See section 523(a) for the full list.
The means test compares your household income to the Minnesota median. If your income is below the median for your household size, you automatically qualify. If above, a more detailed calculation determines whether you have enough disposable income to fund a Chapter 13 plan instead.
From filing to discharge, Chapter 7 typically takes 3-4 months. The 341 meeting of creditors occurs about 30 days after filing, and the discharge is usually entered about 60 days after that.
Minnesota exemptions protect: homestead equity of $450,000, vehicle equity of $5,000, personal property of Varies by category, and retirement accounts. Full exemption details.
Use the free 1328(f) screener to check whether a prior discharge affects your eligibility for a new discharge.
Free Discharge Screener